Searching in Schools Essay examples -- Education Students Search Illeg

Searching in Schools The U.S. Supreme Court and state courts have very gently both bestowed and limited Fourth Amendment rights upon public school students in a series of cases over several decades. Recent cases may indicate that the delicate balance between student rights and school safety procedures is strongly leaning towards the rights of school authorities to actively isolate and reduce perceived causes of school violence. Starting in 1968 and culminating in 1984, the law of the land concerning the status of students compared to school authorities shifted to a more constitutional basis. Prior to that time, student rights in school were defined by the common law doctrine of in loco parentis, which for centuries posited that school officials were given the right, duty, and responsibility to act in the place of a parent. Their right to act included the power to search students for illegal items, or for items merely considered to be prohibited under state or local law or school district policies, withou t the warrant or probable cause conditions mandated for all other citizens under the Fourth Amendment. State laws, as upheld by their state courts, permitted such school action when, for example, student searches were deemed to be in the best educational interests of all the students. Any search based upon the much lower and non-constitutional standard of right problem was found to be in accord with the doctrine of in loco parentis; it was accepted by the courts as necessary and reasonable in light of public necessity to maintain school discipline and order and the longstanding social concept of the parental powers of school authorities. The searching of students produces a sense of security and safety in schools. Student ... ...ice-type school violence prevention strategies. Law-related education is a fresh approach to reducing the causes of school violence early and continually throughout a students education. It is a generic, interdisciplinary direction to education combining particular kinds of content related to rules, laws, and legal systems with active instruction, flexible to any grade level and intended to continue through all grade level. Its aim is strictly to instill non-aggressive social problem-solving abilities, while also helping students become good citizens. Its method is to integrate into all curricula illustrations of common, student-relevant issues in the context of legal rights and responsibilities. Bibliography: Brownfield, Currie, Margid, McKelvey, Norris, Wade. Rights & Privileges Opposing View Points Green haven Press Inc. San Diego, CA 1990

Coffee and Starbucks

1 A. What is Starbucks’ â€Å"product† †¢Starbucks’ product is a casual experience in a comfortable atmosphere where the customer can enjoy a premium cup of coffee and a newspaper or relaxing conversation with friends. B. What is their â€Å"core product† and what are the â€Å"auxiliary features† and benefits? †¢The core product is a premium cup of coffee. The auxiliary features include the well-educated baristas that can help select the right cup of coffee and help customers learn how to reproduce the experience at home or the office with fresh coffee bean or grounds they can purchase in store. Along with the coffees available there are also Tazo teas, hand crafted espresso and blended drinks a little something for every taste. To go with the drink of your choice you can also enjoy a fresh pastry or a sandwich while listening to music or utilizing the free Wi-Fi to complete the experience. C. What is their â€Å"unique selling proposition† and how do consumers view it now? †¢Starbucks’ unique selling position was offering a high quality coffee for a premium price, while providing a place to relax other than work, home or going to the bar. With their comfortable seating areas and internet access they branded themselves as your â€Å"third place†. Customers bought into it but now that they have started to get more streamlined their stock is falling because they are losing a little bit of that selling position. As the stores get a little less comfortable and become a little more like an assembly line, customers are starting to see it more like a commodity rather than something special. 2. A. Are McDonald’s and Starbucks direct competitors? Yes. While they don’t offer the same quality of food or coffee, McDonalds has put a lot of emphasis on the quality of their coffee and have been able to increase their sales and profits. With the introduction of their McCafe line of coffee drinks McDonalds is looking to take a share of the market from Starbucks. B. What advantages does McDonald’s have in competing with Starbucks for coffee sales? †¢McDonald’s coffee has a very good reputation as a good cup of coffee. While it is not on par with the gourmet coffee and specialties that Starbucks has to offer it is a much cheaper alternative and with the large selection of menu items it can market to a much broader base of customers. For example parents with small children will be drawn to McDonald’s for their coffee because of what they can offer the children that Starbucks can’t. Another advantage is the speed at which McDonald’s can serve customers. Since the coffee and food they serve is less customized they are able to get people in and out at a much faster pace even with the implementation of the drive thru at Starbucks. . A. What changes in society (at the time of the case) helped Starbucks to be successful? †¢There was a steady increase in the number of coffee drinkers in the US in the mid-90s. That combined with the trend of consumers to drink more and more coffee out of the home has increased sales in the entire market. While a large increase of this coffee consum ption was among those that drink coffee at work, the benefit to Starbucks is that they are getting the coffee from somewhere other than the workplace. Along with the increase in consumption consumers have trended to being more and more environmentally conscious. So the focuses on environmentally friendly ways of doing business have helped to keep them in favor with the customers. B. How are these changes related to their target market? †¢Coffee drinkers ranging from 25-29 increased their out of home coffee consumption from 42% to 66% while in the same year 30-59 years old increased from 33 to 46%. 4. A. What are the â€Å"strategic marketing factors† that help to account for Starbucks’ long-term success in developing brand equity? The environment that they offered was one of the big factors that lead to their ongoing success. While there are more and more cafe styled coffee houses coming into the market at this time the idea was very unique and helped to differentiate them in the market. The high quality product and unique sizing of their products also set them apart. Rather than using the standard small med and large names they used unique identifies that helped make their products stand out in memory. Before they came around your options for coffee outside the home were very limited and the ability to get such high quality even at a premium price was a welcome feature in the market place. For the longest time they were really the only player in the space and that niche afforded them very rapid growth and early successes that help fuel even more growth as they expanded worldwide. 5. A. What are the advantages of the Starbucks Card to the company? †¢The most obvious advantage of the card to Starbucks is the guaranteed income. Once people load money on the card it can only be spent at a Starbucks location. It also makes tracking customer purchasing habits and preferences readily available. Then there is the case of the forgotten or lost cards that never get used that equate to pure profit. One last advantage is that with the card they have also created a secondary market for sales by placing the cards in stores like Giant Eagle where people that wouldn’t come into the stores can buy the cards as a gift. B. What are the advantages of the Starbucks Card to the customers? The consumer can control their spending with the card. By loading the card with the amount they allocate for coffee they can track their spending more effectively than before when just purchasing with cash or a random card. While there is no discount associated with the card it does give the consumer some protection when they register the card online. If the card is ever lost or stolen they can report it and a new card will be issued with the same balance and the existing card voided. 6. A. Evaluate Chairman Schultz’ global strategy. Is it â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad? † †¢The global strategy is â€Å"good†. You can build a lot of customer loyalty by taking care of your employees. If your employees are happy and well trained they will provide a much better experience for the customer. Starbucks mission and direction has a solid base in the customer experience as much as the quality of the coffee. So making sure the employees are trained well and very knowledgeable about all things coffee enables them to take the experience past just when the customer is in the store. Educating the customer on how to get the best cup of coffee at home as well will provide you a regular customer for not only their coffee at the office but also the grounds for home. †¢In addition the image they are able to betray as a company that cares about the community and the environment will help build customer loyalty. The fact that they not only work to be environmentally conscious themselves but also work with partners and suppliers to share the information and work together to buy, sell and use environmentally friendly products. B. What recommendations do you have to improve Starbucks’ competitive position domestically? †¢Starbucks needs to stick to what got them here in the first place. Don’t try to become another fast food establishment. Customers that are coming to one of their stores will respect the time it takes to get a high quality cup of coffee. Take that time to cross sell the customer on coffee beans and other goods for the home. While offering food to the customer is a natural evolution for Starbucks it is important that they put as much time and effort into providing high quality food as they do coffee. If they keep the high quality of coffee but serve a lesser food the lesser image will be what is remembered. On the same lines make sure that if you are going to provide places for the customer to sit and enjoy their coffee stick with the comfortable seating that invites the customer to relax and stay awhile. You will not only bring them back time and time again you will encourage them to spend more time in the store every time they visit and therefore increase the opportunities to sell more products. Coffee and Starbucks 1 A. What is Starbucks’ â€Å"product† †¢Starbucks’ product is a casual experience in a comfortable atmosphere where the customer can enjoy a premium cup of coffee and a newspaper or relaxing conversation with friends. B. What is their â€Å"core product† and what are the â€Å"auxiliary features† and benefits? †¢The core product is a premium cup of coffee. The auxiliary features include the well-educated baristas that can help select the right cup of coffee and help customers learn how to reproduce the experience at home or the office with fresh coffee bean or grounds they can purchase in store. Along with the coffees available there are also Tazo teas, hand crafted espresso and blended drinks a little something for every taste. To go with the drink of your choice you can also enjoy a fresh pastry or a sandwich while listening to music or utilizing the free Wi-Fi to complete the experience. C. What is their â€Å"unique selling proposition† and how do consumers view it now? †¢Starbucks’ unique selling position was offering a high quality coffee for a premium price, while providing a place to relax other than work, home or going to the bar. With their comfortable seating areas and internet access they branded themselves as your â€Å"third place†. Customers bought into it but now that they have started to get more streamlined their stock is falling because they are losing a little bit of that selling position. As the stores get a little less comfortable and become a little more like an assembly line, customers are starting to see it more like a commodity rather than something special. 2. A. Are McDonald’s and Starbucks direct competitors? Yes. While they don’t offer the same quality of food or coffee, McDonalds has put a lot of emphasis on the quality of their coffee and have been able to increase their sales and profits. With the introduction of their McCafe line of coffee drinks McDonalds is looking to take a share of the market from Starbucks. B. What advantages does McDonald’s have in competing with Starbucks for coffee sales? †¢McDonald’s coffee has a very good reputation as a good cup of coffee. While it is not on par with the gourmet coffee and specialties that Starbucks has to offer it is a much cheaper alternative and with the large selection of menu items it can market to a much broader base of customers. For example parents with small children will be drawn to McDonald’s for their coffee because of what they can offer the children that Starbucks can’t. Another advantage is the speed at which McDonald’s can serve customers. Since the coffee and food they serve is less customized they are able to get people in and out at a much faster pace even with the implementation of the drive thru at Starbucks. . A. What changes in society (at the time of the case) helped Starbucks to be successful? †¢There was a steady increase in the number of coffee drinkers in the US in the mid-90s. That combined with the trend of consumers to drink more and more coffee out of the home has increased sales in the entire market. While a large increase of this coffee consum ption was among those that drink coffee at work, the benefit to Starbucks is that they are getting the coffee from somewhere other than the workplace. Along with the increase in consumption consumers have trended to being more and more environmentally conscious. So the focuses on environmentally friendly ways of doing business have helped to keep them in favor with the customers. B. How are these changes related to their target market? †¢Coffee drinkers ranging from 25-29 increased their out of home coffee consumption from 42% to 66% while in the same year 30-59 years old increased from 33 to 46%. 4. A. What are the â€Å"strategic marketing factors† that help to account for Starbucks’ long-term success in developing brand equity? The environment that they offered was one of the big factors that lead to their ongoing success. While there are more and more cafe styled coffee houses coming into the market at this time the idea was very unique and helped to differentiate them in the market. The high quality product and unique sizing of their products also set them apart. Rather than using the standard small med and large names they used unique identifies that helped make their products stand out in memory. Before they came around your options for coffee outside the home were very limited and the ability to get such high quality even at a premium price was a welcome feature in the market place. For the longest time they were really the only player in the space and that niche afforded them very rapid growth and early successes that help fuel even more growth as they expanded worldwide. 5. A. What are the advantages of the Starbucks Card to the company? †¢The most obvious advantage of the card to Starbucks is the guaranteed income. Once people load money on the card it can only be spent at a Starbucks location. It also makes tracking customer purchasing habits and preferences readily available. Then there is the case of the forgotten or lost cards that never get used that equate to pure profit. One last advantage is that with the card they have also created a secondary market for sales by placing the cards in stores like Giant Eagle where people that wouldn’t come into the stores can buy the cards as a gift. B. What are the advantages of the Starbucks Card to the customers? The consumer can control their spending with the card. By loading the card with the amount they allocate for coffee they can track their spending more effectively than before when just purchasing with cash or a random card. While there is no discount associated with the card it does give the consumer some protection when they register the card online. If the card is ever lost or stolen they can report it and a new card will be issued with the same balance and the existing card voided. 6. A. Evaluate Chairman Schultz’ global strategy. Is it â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad? † †¢The global strategy is â€Å"good†. You can build a lot of customer loyalty by taking care of your employees. If your employees are happy and well trained they will provide a much better experience for the customer. Starbucks mission and direction has a solid base in the customer experience as much as the quality of the coffee. So making sure the employees are trained well and very knowledgeable about all things coffee enables them to take the experience past just when the customer is in the store. Educating the customer on how to get the best cup of coffee at home as well will provide you a regular customer for not only their coffee at the office but also the grounds for home. †¢In addition the image they are able to betray as a company that cares about the community and the environment will help build customer loyalty. The fact that they not only work to be environmentally conscious themselves but also work with partners and suppliers to share the information and work together to buy, sell and use environmentally friendly products. B. What recommendations do you have to improve Starbucks’ competitive position domestically? †¢Starbucks needs to stick to what got them here in the first place. Don’t try to become another fast food establishment. Customers that are coming to one of their stores will respect the time it takes to get a high quality cup of coffee. Take that time to cross sell the customer on coffee beans and other goods for the home. While offering food to the customer is a natural evolution for Starbucks it is important that they put as much time and effort into providing high quality food as they do coffee. If they keep the high quality of coffee but serve a lesser food the lesser image will be what is remembered. On the same lines make sure that if you are going to provide places for the customer to sit and enjoy their coffee stick with the comfortable seating that invites the customer to relax and stay awhile. You will not only bring them back time and time again you will encourage them to spend more time in the store every time they visit and therefore increase the opportunities to sell more products.

Self Perception - 800 Words

Application: Getting to Know Yourself Application: Getting to Know Yourself By: Meghan Robinson Walden University January 20, 2013 Professor Geidner Robinson 1 My life is influenced by many different attributes not just from cultural aspects. I have had it very rough in life growing up since childhood being raised in a low income town as the oldest girl of four of three other female children; I was forced to grow up fast in life. My mother gave birth to me and all of my sisters in Ansonia, CT which is a small town where just about everyone knows each other and knows your all of your business. My social status was low class but most of the families there were and very few were middle class, but we all attended schools†¦show more content†¦It was tough being eight years old and just wanting to fit in but you stuck out like a sore thumb. It was also hard because I was also exceptionally bright and received a lot of awards so a lot of the children didn’t like me because they said that they thought I was a nerd as well or that I thought I was better than them because I knew more than them. But this was not the case I just simpl y wanted what every child wanted to be liked, loved, and accepted. My teachers took a special interest in me and always gave me extra work and push me beyond the limits because they knew I had special abilities and what I was capable of, this is one the reasons that inspired me to become a teacher. When I was twelve I moved to West Haven, Ct a middle class town with my Grandparents because my mother was not competent enough to raise us. This town was a little better but I was still getting made fun of but this time it was the black kids making fun of me because they said I talked like a white girl. I was so confused about this because I couldn’t understand how you can talk like a color. That was how I was raised to not see color and still don’t till this day. It feels good to reflect on my identity, it makes me realize that I am the person who I am today because of it. I make sure today not judge children and or their families based on any attributes whatsoever, espec ially racial or cultural. I want to make all families feel as comfortable as possibleShow MoreRelatedSelf Perception Theory1700 Words   |  7 PagesSelf perception Table of contents Serial N ° | List of Contents | Page N ° | 01 | Executive summary | 03 | 02 | Theories | 04 | 03 | Techniques | 05 | 04 | Decision making | 06 | 05 | References | 08 | â€Å"Self perception theory† Executive summary:- Self-perception theory (SPT) is an account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them. The theory is counterintuitiveRead MoreSelf Perception1586 Words   |  7 Pageslook at the sky the first thing we wish to see are the stars, those amazing shinning objects everyone talks about, but not all see. Self-concept and perception work the same way. Through interpersonal communication we relate, communicate and evolve with other people physically and emotionally and it’s affected by one’s self-concept, perception and emotion. Self-concept is a term used to refer to how someone thinks about or perceives themselves. How we think about and evaluate ourselves andRead MorePerception Is A Matter Of Interaction Between The World And The Self1534 Words   |  7 PagesPerception is a matter of interaction between the world and the self; the self is a person’s being that separates them from anyone else in the world. At its simplest, the world gives people events; in return people give those events meaning by interpreting and acting upon them. Perception, it is a mental impression meaning it is perceived by our five senses. It is an active process consisting of three processes; selection, organization, and interpretation. Also perception involves age, culture,Read MoreA New Understanding And Renewed Perception Of Ones Self And Their World911 Words   |  4 Pageslead to a new understanding and renewed perception of ones self and their world. Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Tempest†, demonstrates the arduous nature of self-discovery by exploring how it invokes careful plan ning and preparation. This ideology is mirrored in Jean-Paul Sartre’s novel ‘Nausea†, whereby the protagonist must endure adversity in order to reach self-growth. In contrast, James Marsh’s film, â€Å"The Theory of Everything† portrays a sudden and unexpected self-discovery where adversity follows. TheseRead MoreEssay about Concept Analysis on Self Perception1071 Words   |  5 PagesThis is a concept analysis on self-perception. Self-perception is non-discriminatory in that it crosses all socio-economic, religious and ethnic backgrounds. The effects of self-perception can be and usually are life altering. Self-perception can tear at the fabric of the victims self-confidence, self-worth and trust in their perceptions when relating to life events, eventually causing a chasm or warped view of the inner self. The reason for examining self-perception relates to how it affects theRead MoreParent Child Dynamics : Self Perception Essay1874 Words    |  8 PagesParent-Child Dynamics: Self-Perception Many adolescence face difficulties when entering into new group environments, such as school, social groups, extracurricular groups, etc. It has been discovered that the family environment has a great impact on the confidence of an adolescent, the family being the child’s first group. It is difficult to pinpoint one specific trigger causing low self-esteem within groups, as hereditary factors play an important role. It has been found that a discouraging familyRead MoreSelf Perception1068 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study 1 Self - perception Project 4 Case Study 2 1.Describe your perception of the situation: This situation has the potential to be awkward, but it is certainly salvageable. I think that mentioning Toya’s high level of responsibility and her ability to be a â€Å"self-starter† was a very good opening to this conversation about her first few weeks on the job. Making an interrogative statement about, â€Å"how Toya could improve her work† was a bit of a mistake in my opinion. It put ToyaRead MoreThe Perception Of Self Efficacy, Perception, And Perception2863 Words   |  12 PagesFrom early infancy, we look to others as a primary source of information about the world. This dependence is so powerful that we often re-evaluate our judgements of self-efficacy, perceptions, as well as comprehension judgements when they contradict others’ judgements, in fear of rejection. The knowledge, evaluation and control of one’s thought processes are often referred to as â€Å"metacognition†. Metacognition primarily pertains to the processes whereb y one estimates and reflect upon one’s awarenessRead MoreThe Perception Of Self Awareness1199 Words   |  5 PagesIn America, our self-image is undoubtedly one of the most important aspects of our daily lives. In an ever-changing world, we are constantly working in the lens of which we believe the world sees us. But is this true of all people? Disparities in self-perception between different groups of people can easily be detected through cultural psychology (Heine, Takemoto, Moskalenko, Lasaleta Henrich, 2008). Perception, especially self-perception, can vary vastly from one culture to another. One perspectiveRead MoreThe Perception Of Self Awareness1215 Words   |  5 PagesIn America, our self-image undoubtedly plays a significant role in our daily lives. In an ever-changing world, we are constantly working in the lens of which we believe the world sees us. But is this true of all people? â€Å"Disparities in self-perception between different groups of people can ea sily be detected through cultural psychology (Heine, Takemoto, Moskalenko, Lasaleta Henrich, 2008).† Perception, especially self-perception, can vary vastly from one culture to another. One perspective that

Analysis Of Sarah M. Evans Article, Sons Daughters And...

The 1960s is an era notorious for its rights movements; a decade of chaos and eventually, one of change. One of the rights movements that occurred in the 60s was Second-Wave Feminism and despite it beginning towards the end of the decade and continuing well into the seventies, it still had a prominent impact on the counter-culture of the 60s. In Sarah M. Evans article â€Å"Sons, Daughters and Patriarchy: Gender and the 1968 Generation,† Evans focuses primarily on the year 1968 and analyses the international gender norm crisis that occurred in both sexes, male and female. In doing so, Evans successfully convinces her audience that 1968 was the year that gender dynamics was globally revolutionized. Evans arranges her article chronologically so that her audience has the best possible understanding of the year 1968. She begins with the events leading up to ‘68, which was the young men’s fight against traditional masculinity and how their emphasis on personal liberation eventually fueled women to search for their own sexual freedoms in ’68 and the years after. She shows her audience the progression of young women’s feelings and how over the course of the year, they got more and more angered by the gender hierarchy made and practiced by young men. Evans starts off by claiming that the youth of 1968 were all fighting gender insurgency; no matter how different the goals of each sex, their outcomes all fell under one category: anti-patriarchy. According to Evans, young males challenged

Definition and Explanation of Accounting Equation

Accounting Equation: Definition and Explanation of Accounting Equation: Dual aspect may be stated as for every debit, there is a credit. Every transaction should have twofold effect to the extent of the same amount. This concept has resulted in accounting equation which states that at any point of time the assets of any entity must be equal (in monetary terms) to the total of equities. In other words, for every business enterprise, the sum of the rights to the properties is equal to the sum of the properties owned. The properties of the business are called assets. The rights to the properties are called equities. Equities may be sub-divided into two principle types: The rights of the creditors and the rights of the owners. The†¦show more content†¦Difference between sales price and cost price is treated as profit and has been added to capital. Transaction 6: Sold merchandise on credit for $4,000 costing $3,000. Assets = Liabilities + Proprietorship Cash Furniture Merchandise Debtors Creditors Riaz, Capital + 32,000 + 10,000 + 13,500 = + 5,000 + 50,500 - 3,000 + 4,000 + 1,000 ________________________________________ 32,000 +10,000 + 10,500 + 4000 = + 5,000 + 51,500 ________________________________________ Note that this transaction has affected assets side and also the proprietorship. Anew element debtors has been introduced. Difference between sales price and cost price is treated as profit and has been added to capital. Transaction 7: Paid $1,000 to creditors for merchandise purchased. Assets = Liabilities + Proprietorship Cash Furniture Merchandise Debtors Creditors Riaz, Capital + 32,000 + 10,000 + 10,500 + 4,000 = + 5,000 + 51,500 - 1,000 - 1,000 ________________________________________ 31,000 +10,000 + 10,500 + 4000 = + 4,000 + 51,500 ________________________________________ Transaction 8:Show MoreRelatedDefinition and Explanation of Accounting Equation1220 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting Equation: Definition and Explanation of Accounting Equation: Dual aspect may be stated as for every debit, there is a credit. Every transaction should have twofold effect to the extent of the same amount. This concept has resulted in accounting equation which states that at any point of time the assets of any entity must be equal (in monetary terms) to the total of equities. In other words, for every business enterprise, the sum of the rights to the properties is equal to the sum ofRead MoreRatio, Vertical, and Horizontal Analyses629 Words   |  3 PagesXACC/280 February 5, 2012 Kerri Gooley Ratio, Vertical, and Horizontal Analyses According to  Accounting for Management  (2011), â€Å"Financial statement analysis is defined as the process of identifying financial strengths and weaknesses of the firm by properly establishing relationship between the items of the balance sheet and the profit and loss account.† (Definition and Explanation of Financial Statement Analysis:). There are many tools used to evaluate the significance of a financialRead MoreA Contemporary Analysis Of Accounting Professionals Work Life Balance1741 Words   |  7 Pagesboth valid and reliable in measuring the constructs that it claims to. This paper is aimed at evaluating the validity and reliability of the research paper titled â€Å"A Contemporary Analysis of Accounting Professionals’ Work-Life Balance† by Buchheit, Dalton, Harp and Hollingsworth, published in the Accounting Horizons Journal in March 2016 in its first issue of volume 30. The research paper endeavoured to provide answers for two main resea rch questions that were aimed at scrutinising the differenceRead MoreEssay On Return Regression882 Words   |  4 Pagesreturns and independent variables are raw earnings and earnings surprises, this study will test the association between fair value FV and intangible assets. Moreover, the IAD variable in equation (1A) is added to assess the degree of value relevance. The following is the estimated regression equation: In this equation, the dependent variable, â€Å"FVt† is an indicator variable. The value of this variable is equal to 1 if â€Å"firm I† provides the fair values of the intangible assets in its financial statementsRead MoreMixed Costs1250 Words   |  5 PagesDefinition and explanation of mixed or semi variable cost: A  mixed cost  is one that contains both  variable  and  fixed cost  elements.  Mixed cost  is also known as  semi variable cost.  Examples  of mixed costs include electricity and  telephone bills. A portion of these expenses are usually consists line rent. Line rent normally is fixed for each month. Variable portion consists units consumed or calls made.  The relationship between mixed cost and level of activity can be expressed by the following equationRead MoreAsset Pricing Theories : Comparing And Contrasting Capm, Atp And Fema French Theory1715 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribing and estimating the cost of capital of the firms and for evaluating the performance of managed investment portfolios. Asset pricing theory Definition Junhui Qian (2015) explains that ‘The theory of asset pricing is concerned with explaining and determining prices of financial assets in an uncertain world.’ Capital Asset Pricing Model Explanation Capital asset pricing model is a single factor model. It specifies risk under only one factor Beta. How CAPM is used to estimate the cost of capitalRead MoreAshford Mth 222 (Intermediate Algebra) Entire Class2416 Words   |  10 PagesJohnMate1122@gmail.com Week 1 Assignment Solving Proportions Read the following instructions in order to complete this assignment: a. Solve problem 56 on page 437 of Elementary and Intermediate Algebra. Set up the two ratios and write your equation choosing an appropriate variable for the bear population. b. Complete problem 10 on page 444 of Elementary and Intermediate Algebra. Show all steps in solving the problem and explain what you are doing as you go along. c. Write a two to three pageRead MoreQuick View of Basic Accounting5424 Words   |  22 PagesAccounting Cheat Sheet Quick View of Basic Accounting Visit our website online at: http://www.AccountingCoach.com Learn more about our Master Accounting Download Package: http://www.AccountingCoach.com/ebook.html Learn more about our Master Set of 80 Business Forms: http://www.AccountingCoach.com/business-forms/ Learn more about a career in accounting: http://www.AccountingCoach.com/careers/ For personal use by the original purchaser only. Copyright  © 2011 AccountingCoach ®.com. Click a CategoryRead MoreEarnings Per Share1181 Words   |  5 PagesThe definition of Earnings per share is the portion of a companys profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.  Earnings per share  serves as an indicator of  a companys profitability. Calculated as: When calculating, it is more accurate to use a  weighted average number of shares outstanding over the reporting term, because the  number of shares outstanding can change over time. However, data sources  sometimes simplify the calculation  by using the number of shares outstandingRead MoreTask 2 Financial Analysis1528 Words   |  7 Pagesfor accumulated depreciation is at (-690,000). By year 9, depreciation is too fast and rises to a higher negative amount at (-920,000). There are ways to correct this issue. Competition Bikes could utilize new methods to determine fundamental accounting equations that would help to increase the company’s â€Å"equity in the form of retained earnings† (Berman et al., 2013). For example, leases could be re-financed and lengthened to record a smaller charge on the statement year to year (Berman et al., 2013)

Working Overtime and Job Satisfaction in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao Free Essays

[pic] Working overtime and Job satisfaction in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao Name: Yujie Hou Relation No. 74759 Mentor: Sandy Loup Internship in Front Desk Executive Lounge, Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao, China Stenden University Leeuwarden The Netherlands Bachelor of International Hospitality Management September, 2012 Table of content Declaration of own work3 Introduction4 Chapter 1. Company Description5 Chapter 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Working Overtime and Job Satisfaction in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao or any similar topic only for you Order Now Project Exploration8 Chapter 3. Literature Review9 3. 1 Working overtime9 3. People who work overtime12 3. 3 The reasons of working long hours12 3. 4 Job satisfaction and working overtime13 3. 5 Conceptual model. 15 3. 6 Problem definition16 Chapter 4. Methodology16 4. 1 Research design16 4. 2 Instrument design17 4. 3 Limitations of Research Methods17 4. 4 Data Analyze18 Bibliography19 Appendix 1. 21 Appendix 2. 22 Declaration of own work 1. This work is composed by me. 2. This work has not been accepted in any previous application for a degree or diploma, by me or anyone else. 3. The work of which this is a record is done well and truly by me. 4. All verbatim extracts have been distinguished by quotation marks and the sources of my information have been specifically acknowledged. Date: September 01, 2012 Name: Yujie Hou Signature: Introduction In 1993-1994, 23% of females and 27% of males claimed to have worked unpaid overtime (Bell and Hart, 1999). The Beijing Bureau of Statistics said employed people in China’s capital worked for 5. 9 days, or 47. 2 hours, a week on average (Xinhua News Agency, 2006). An online survey of 15,000 people from a well-known Chinese job-hunting website shows a shocking figure that over 40% of the respondents worked vertime without paid. An incredible reality from Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions reported that more than 50% of Hong Kong women who have full-time jobs work overtime at least two hours every day. Why do Chinese people work overtime become an ordinary phenomenon? How do they feel about working overtime? How do Chinese feel about having to work overtime? Do they feel happy? C an the company get more benefits from employee working overtime? The relationship between overtime working and job satisfaction and how working overtime involves in job satisfaction could be discovered. On behalf of understanding, measuring and improving job satisfaction is an advantage competitive in hotel management team. Therefore, this project mainly focuses on figuring out how working overtime impacts on job satisfaction, and in order to help managers in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao to get a better method of measuring working overtime and improving employee satisfaction. First of all, a company description is given in the report. In this chapter, not only the general knowledge of the company itself will be introduced, but also the figures of staff turn over, salary of employees and a SWOT analysis are given. The following chapter Project Exploration high lighting the purpose of this management project, furthermore, the litterateurs are reviewed in the following chapter, a conceptual map is drawed into detail points, problem statement and research questions are mentioned as well. Last but not least, the chapter of Methodology decribes a method of research method, instrument design, data collecting, data measuring and analysing. Chapter 1. Company Description The full name of the company is Shanghai Hongqiao Yuanyi Hilton, which is a joint venture business with Yuanyi Group and Hilton Worldwide. Yuanyi Group is the owner of hardware facilities and real estate, Hilton hotels ; resorts is a managerial role in the property. The company is a sub-brand of Hilton worldwide, which is Hilton hotels ;amp; resorts. It is a full service five star hotel which opened in October of 2010. The facilities of the hotel are complete, plush and luxury. The company is located in Hongqiao Economic and Technical Development Zone, is just 15 minutes from Hongqiao Airport (Terminal I) and 13km from People’s Square in the heart of Shanghai. Apart from the above events, there is a buffet restaurant Essence indulging in fine Pan Asian and Mediterranean cuisine at the all-day and sample authentic Cantonese dishes at Yue Xuan which is an a la cart restaurant. Additionally, Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao provides a business center, lobby lounge Pulse, Delicatessen, Vine Bar, fitness center and a stay connected Executive Lounge to satisfy the diverse needs of the guests The company places marketing emphasis on both business travelers and leisure travelers, and also Japanese guests which is a main market for the company itself. There are over 500 work members in this company, which including foreigners, locals and also staffs from other cities in China. Most of the head office managers and directors are foreigners. Full-time contract employee accounts for 72. 8%, and the part-time contract employee takes up12. 4 percentage in this company mostly in banqueting and Essence restaurant and the trainees occupy 14. 8 percentages. The company is a newly opened hotel, and the executive building was just partly open in April, 2012. The biggest problem of the Human Resource Department is the talent gap. In order to attract more new interviewees, every Wednesday is the company Open day and people can go to the Human Resource department to hand in their CVs without an appointment. Through the monthly employee party, it can be seen that there are always new staffs join in the Hilton family. As the information shared from the HR assistant manager, the staff turn over of year 2011 was 13. 1%, it is higher than the average hotel staff turn over rate which is 10% in Shanghai (Fang Xu, 2010). The turn over of head office employees in this company is also very high, during the period of the author’s internship, the General Manager, Director of Finance, Director of the operation, Director of business development, F;B manager, Front Office Manager, three Duty managers played job-hopping to another company. There are 11 levels accounted in Hilton, such as GM is the highest level which is 11 and trainee is level one. The salary of the trainee is 1,000RMB, around 120 per month. The biggest employee amount is level three, the average salary is 2,800RMB (=â‚ ¬346) per month, supervisors are at level 5 which can own 3,400RMB (=â‚ ¬419. ) per month. As an example gave within duty managers, the salary of foreigner’ is three times than the Chinese employee in the same level position. A following SWOT analysis table shows an overall idea of the company’s both internal and external conditions. The internal part includes Strengths and Weaknesses. The Strengths are more focuses on the company facilities and around the environment. For instance, the golf court is a big strong point of Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao, which is just in a walking distance. The weaknesses are mostly from the guest complains. For example, the 80RMB of parking fee is a big guest complains in this company and it happens almost everyday. Three separated buildings are a weak point because it is very complicated for the guests to find the direction. The service quality is a frequent criticism object from customers. The external part is focused on the financial environment and competitors. Shanghai attracts 215 million domestic tourists and 8. 5 million foreign tourists in 2010. In addition, tourism revenue of Shanghai in 2010 is 305. 3 billion RMB (Shanghai tourist development report, 2012). There are 44 five-star hotels and 64 four-star hotels in Shanghai and 11 five-star and 7 boutique hotels are building up. Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao won the ‘Top Seller’ in September 2012 in Asia Pacific area. The company has a lot of opportunities and it is a great time, but also it is facing with various challenges. Table 1. Chapter 2. Project Exploration During a period of 10 months, it turned out that it apparently it was difficult for employees to finish their tasks within the required time resulting in having to work over time. In hotel operation departments, there are three shifts, in general, morning shift staffs working from 7am till 3pm, the afternoon shift from 3pm till 11pm, and the rest hours are evening shift. However, most of the employees in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao will spend quite long time in the shift turnover period, and it leads directly to work overtime in everyday and in every department. Furthermore, these over hours will not be counted into paid overtime working. Front office is not the only department, but it apparently most frequently in the company. Moreover, as it was written in the previous chapter, the turnover rate in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao is higher than the average rate. Especially in front desk department, since 2011 November till 2012 September there were 5 employees quitted their job who had worked there over one year and 9 trainees had not worked over 6 months which means they quit before they became a formal staff. It be seen through the first two sentences written in the introductory chapter that working overtime is very normal in China and the reality shows it is a truth in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao. This project is trying to identify the relationship between working overtime and job satisfaction, and enhance to give the managers of Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao a further consideration of monitoring overtime working and improving employee satisfaction. Meanwhile, job satisfaction is a source of long-term competitive advantage in the hospitality industry, by the core values of Hilton Worldwide which is described as Hospitality, Integrity, Leadership, Teamwork, Ownership and Now, each values have a strong connection with job satisfaction. For the Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao, this management project could be a helpful way to get more involved into employee satisfaction and measuring overtime working as well. Chapter 3. Literature Review This chapter concentrates in working overtime and job satisfaction. Figure has an intuitive feeling to compare the different hours of working overtime in different places, so the first paragraph research figures to give an overview of working overtime in selected places and according to law and compare with China’s situation. The following two paragraphs are in an attempt to find out who works overtime, and the reasons of people work overtime. Furthermore, the job satisfaction of different genders, the importance of job satisfaction and the relationship between job satisfaction and overtime working will be reviewed in the last paragraph. Last but not least a conceptual model covers the main point which includes the literature review. 3. 1 Working overtime In this part, the definition of working overtime is given, and some figures of overtime hours in different countries and a table of standard and maximum working hours for comparison. Working overtime is normally approved in advance by the Head of Department and is agreed in order to complete work for a deadline or to meet additional demands. However, the initial periods of less than half an hour are not classified as work overtime. Additional hours or overtime will not qualify for payments until the member of staff has worked to their number of basic contractual weekly hours (Working additional hours and overtime, 2011). Pascal and Damien (2000) found that about 20% of European employees work 45 or more hours a week, and about 13% of the full-time employee’s weekly work over 50 hours. Long work hours are also a common phenomenon in the United States: more than 1/4 of US men and 11% of women work more than 50 hours a week (Jacobs ; Gerson, 2004). In addition, extreme overtime work is pervasive in Korea and Japan where many employees work more than 60 hours a week (Amagasa, Nakayama, ; Takahashi, 2005). A reach showed that there are only 13. 7 percent worked for no more than eight hours a day in China, 40. 3% worked eight to nine hours, 23. 48 percent put in nine to 10 hours a day and 22. 0 percent worked more than 10 hours (Xinhua News Agency, 2006). In generally overtime work is a common phenomenon in both Asian and Western countries. Working overtime also occurs in developed countries both in Asia and Western. Moreover, China has the most numbers of populations who work over 8 hours everyday which accounts at 86. 3%. The following figure gives a clear picture of the standard working hours in selected places, and the maximum overtime hours allowed in the law and a lso the overtime pay rate. |Table 2. | | | |Selected places |Standard working |Maximum overtime hours allowed |Overtime pay rate | | |Hours | | | |Finland |8 hours/day |Up to 138 hours within a period of 4 months |1. 5 times of the regular rate of pay for the first two hours | | |40 hours/Week |Up to 250 hours during a calendar year. |2 times for any extra hours. | | |The yearly maximum can be exceeded at 80 hours on a local agreement. | | |France |35 hours /week |Up to 220 hours per year. |Each hour of overtime is payable at 10% to 50% higher than the | | | |This limit may be exceeded with a collective agreement between the employer |regular hourly rate, depending on the cumulative total overtime | | | |and employee. |hours worked. |Ireland |48 hours /week |No specification of legal maximum overtime hours The actual working hours |No statutory obligation on employers to pay employees higher rates | | | |may fluctuate considerably as long as the average working hour per week is |fo r overtime works. | | | |not more than 48 hours over 4, 6 or 12 months (depending on circumstances) | | |Japan |8 hours /day |Up to 2 hours per day for jobs this may cause harm to health. No lower than the rate stipulated by Cabinet Order within the range| | |40 hours/week | |of no less than 25% and no more than 50% over the normal wage per | | | | |hour or per day. | |Malaysia |8 hours /day |Up to 4 hours per day except under special occasions. |1. 5 times of the regular rate of pay. | | |48 hours /week | | | |Singapore |8 hours /day |Up to 72 hours per month |1. 5 times of the regular rate of pay. | |44 hours/week | | | |South Korea |8 hours /day |Up to 4 hours per day |1. 5 times of the regular rate of pay. | | |40 hours /week |Up to 12 hours per week. | | |Taiwan |8 hours /day |Up to 4 hours per day and 46 hours per month. |; 2 hours, at least an additional 1/3 of the regular hourly rate. | | |84 hours two week | |2 How to cite Working Overtime and Job Satisfaction in Hilton Shanghai Hongqiao, Essay examples

How Shakespeare achieves the comic effects in Act 3, Scene 4, where Malvolio appears cross

How Shakespeare achieves the comic effects in Act 3, Scene 4, where Malvolio appears cross-gartered and in yellow stockings Essay By act 3, scene 4 the audience is familiar with the characters and the audience is also aware of the plot to trick Malvolio. They are therefore looking forward to being entertained. There is further amusement at the end of the scene when Sir Toby arranges a duel between Cesario and Sir Andrew. All of the characters play a part in the comic effect of the scene. The characters work with each other and set up joke, contributing to the comical effect of the scene. Shakespeare starts building up the comic effects early in the play. Malvolio is written as a Puritanical character that is despised by most of the other characters. The audience is prepared to laugh at Malvolios expense, as in Act 1, Scene 5, when Olivia says: O, you are sick of self-love, Malvolio, and taste with a distempered appetite. This is further built on in Act 2, Scene 3, when Malvolio addresses Sir Toby and his friends: My masters are you mad? Or what are you? In Elizabethan times, servants would not address their superiors in this manner. This can be interpreted as Malvolios disrespect for his superiors and his distempered view of these figures that do not match up to his ideals. The way Malvolio scorns Sir Toby makes the audience dislike Malvolio and side with Sir Toby and his companions when Maria comes up with the idea to trick Malvolio. Furthermore, when Malvolio enters in Act 2 Scene 5 he says, Tis but fortune; all is fortune. Maria once told me; and I have heard herself thus near that, should she fancy, I be one of my complexion. Sir Toby and friends, listen to his vanity to in disgust. In this he demonstrates how important he thinks he is. He is also fantasising about power, in particular, the power he would gain were he to marry Olivia. This speech makes the audience empathise with Sir Toby and they see that Malvolio is not a charismatic or likeable person. This further prepares them for his downfall. The letter itself is the final preparation, as it instantly fools Malvolio into thinking Olivia loves him. The audience is now prepared for the next scene. They look forward to what is going to happen. Near the opening of Act 3, Scene 4, Olivia says to Maria, Where is Malvolio? He is sad and civil. The audience knows what is about to happen, so when Malvolio walks in wearing ridiculous yellow stockings that are cross-gartered it has many comical effects, as it is so out of character. Olivia has sent for him, as he is sad and civil, but when he appears smiling wearing yellow stockings, which have been cross gartered, he is not quiet and subdued as she wishes. Furthermore, he goes on to misinterpret Olivia, when she says, Wilt thou go to bed, Malvolio. He misinterprets it as an invitation whereas in reality, it is a comment of concern, so it is comical as he was sent for, as he was sad and civil, but when he appears he is neither. Finally, from Maria, it is learned earlier in the play that Olivia hates the colour yellow, so this also adds to the humour. Olivia sends for Sir Toby to come and look after Malvolio, as she believes him to be mad. Before Sir Toby arrives, Malvolio has a soliloquy, where he is convincing himself that Olivia loves him. He picks up every detail that concurs with his view and interprets them as good signs. .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 , .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 .postImageUrl , .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 , .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5:hover , .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5:visited , .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5:active { border:0!important; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5:active , .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5 .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5105a6f7db5cfa6a944f100d8f1890b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? EssayO, ho, do you come near me now? No worse man than Sir Toby to look to me? This concurs directly with the letter: she sends him on purpose, that I may appear stubborn to him; for she incites me to be that in the letter. He takes further proof that Olivia loves him when she refers to him as fellow, And when she went away now, Let this fellow be looked to. Fellow not Malvolio nor after my degree but fellow. He believes that when Olivia referred to him as fellow, it showed her warmth towards him even though she was just speaking casually of him. The audience will be laughing at Malvolios ignorance to the plot and also his delusions of grandeur and his vanity, He thinks that it is a test for him that Olivia has sent for Sir Toby to look after him. He thinks she has given Sir Toby to him so he can exercise his new power. As this is not the case, Sir Toby and his companions imprison Malvolio, pretending that he has been possessed by the devil. No, I warrant you, he will not hear of godliness. Sir Toby knows exactly what is happening and knows that Malvolio is not mad or possessed. Sir Toby is imprisoning Malvolio to get his own back. There are also two lines here which get a laugh from an audience, as Fabian says; If this were played upon a stage now, I could condemn it as improbable fiction. This is irony, as it is being played out on a stage, but the audience appreciates the joke Another interesting point is that earlier in the play, when Malvolio was scorning Sir Toby, he accused him of being mad. Now the tables have turned and Malvolio is accused of being mad. Come, well have him in a dark room and bound. My niece is already in the belief that hes mad. Today, this may seem quite a harsh practical joke, but the Elizabethan people were less sympathetic and would have thought that Malvolio got what he deserved. Another comical part in this scene is the duel between Cesario and Sir Andrew. Olivia is in love with Cesario and Sir Andrew wants Olivia to love him. Sir Toby persuades Sir Andrew into challenging Cesario to a duel. Sir Andrew is not very clever and writes a threatening letter to Cesario. Fabian and Sir Toby pretend that the letter is very good, but in reality it is poor. Sir Toby then proceeds to play Sir Andrew and Cesario off against each other. Both duellists are told that the other is a deadly killer. Neither of them is a fighter so neither really wants to fight the other, the audience is amused by this situation. Before the duel commences, Antonio disrupts it. Here there is further comedy as Antonio mistakes Cesario for Sebastian There are references in this play to the Feast of Fools that was around during Shakespeares period. The Feast of Fools was a tradition that took place around Christmas time. For one day, the lowliest or youngest member of a household was placed in charge and given the title of Lord of Misrule Servants gave orders and their masters waited at the table. Ridiculous punishments were awarded and practical jokes were played. The Twelfth Night is full of references to this feast, including the title, The Twelfth Night, which refers to the Twelfth day of Christmas in which the Feast of Fools usually took place. Other references include unjust punishments (imprisoning Malvolio), practical jokes (Tricking Malvolio into thinking Olivia loved him), disguises (Viola disguises herself as Cesario) and fools being allowed to say what they like (Feste). Sir Toby is cast as the Lord of Misrule who orchestrates the practical joke. .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de , .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de .postImageUrl , .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de , .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de:hover , .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de:visited , .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de:active { border:0!important; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de:active , .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a2dfb8bc9ab16ef16c9ff3e9f8395de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Language Loss - Language Revival EssayMalvolio is made to look stupid for this scene so the comedy is in the contrast with his normal, very solemn, formal self. The way in which the plotting characters react to Malvolio whilst pretending that he is mad is also comical, as they are talking about Malvolio being mad, even though he is not. They are laughing with each other and at Malvolio without arousing his suspicions. The duel is also comical, as Sir Toby and Fabian proceed to play two cowards off against each other. Shakespeare achieves the comic effects by including the audience in the joke, so that they can anticipate the results.